Salinity gradient solar ponds hybrid systems for power generation and water desalination

Solar energy is preferred over other sources because of its low cost, ease collecting, and availability as a source power, well effectiveness in reducing pollution water scarcity. ponds are low-grade thermal systems that can also be used to absorb/store solar radiation. Extensive research/advances pond performance have been sparked by the potential influence various types heat storage with extraction mechanisms. This article provides comprehensive review based on most recent accomplishments progress technologies, salinity gradient (SGSPs) for hybrid power generation, desalination systems. Applications these including refrigeration air-conditioning, domestic industrial process heating, explored discussed. The literature revealed efficiency ponds, which considered main challenge large-scale operation, could overcome considering stable gradients, temperature optimum thicknesses zones. novel advancements poly-generation generation focus improvement overall energy/exergy highlighting features this imminent researchers. With integration salt systems, maximum lower convective zone (LCZ) 90 °C, more than 50 % efficiency, up 5 MW reported review. For instance, an autonomous unit exhibited about 54 exergy production 2381 m3 (annually 73.3 %) potable water.